علمی - پژوهشی
Sayyed Mortaza Sabbagh Jafari
چکیده
Prayer is a style by which someone or something is addressed. And it has the letters most commonly used "ya", the only letter used in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha. In this descriptive - analytical - statistical method, this paper examines the different applications of the letter "ya" in the sermons of Nahj-ul-Balaghah. Weber has used the word "ya" 183 times as mentioned or predetermined in the sermons based on this research. This usage has been predetermined 94 times according to present and possible circumstances and is a beautiful rhetorical effect in the predicate use of this letter. That ...
بیشتر
Prayer is a style by which someone or something is addressed. And it has the letters most commonly used "ya", the only letter used in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha. In this descriptive - analytical - statistical method, this paper examines the different applications of the letter "ya" in the sermons of Nahj-ul-Balaghah. Weber has used the word "ya" 183 times as mentioned or predetermined in the sermons based on this research. This usage has been predetermined 94 times according to present and possible circumstances and is a beautiful rhetorical effect in the predicate use of this letter. That is, most of this is accompanied by "faults". "ya" has appeared in sermons in various applications, most of them related to the added hermit, followed by the singular hermit of science, although the hermit of science has often appeared in the sermon in the form of "Allah", and this word in the sermons. Surprisingly, it has also been used for surprise and appeal.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mohammad Reza Pircheraq
چکیده
Intertextuality is translated into Arabic as "Altnas", "Alnswsyah", "Altnasyah" and "tdakhl alnsws", and in English the term "intertextuality" is translated into Persian meaning "Interference texts together". Inter-textuality is a method to understanding more accurately the texts to survey the relation between them. It states every text or speaker is affected by other texts or speakers in past or synchronic and has been benefited from their words or thoughts consciously or unconsciously. Imam Ali (AS) sometimes used in Nahj al-Balaghah some words or expressions from past texts (including Quran, ...
بیشتر
Intertextuality is translated into Arabic as "Altnas", "Alnswsyah", "Altnasyah" and "tdakhl alnsws", and in English the term "intertextuality" is translated into Persian meaning "Interference texts together". Inter-textuality is a method to understanding more accurately the texts to survey the relation between them. It states every text or speaker is affected by other texts or speakers in past or synchronic and has been benefited from their words or thoughts consciously or unconsciously. Imam Ali (AS) sometimes used in Nahj al-Balaghah some words or expressions from past texts (including Quran, prophetic traditions, Arabic poems and proverbs) in his sermons, letters and short sentences. By using the above method and to understanding more accurately the speech of Imam Ali (AS), we should determine the relation between these texts and the speech of Imam Ali (AS) In the text of Nahj-ul-Balaghah 15 verses and 4 poetic verses it is stated that Imam (as) has obtained a considerable number of them from others which are of interest to intertextuality. In this article we try to survey these poems in aspect of inter-textuality relations to answer these questions: At first which kind of the inter-textuality of Arabic poems in Nahj al-Balaghah is? And second what is the effect of using this method to understanding Imam Ali (AS) traditions? According to this, firstly by using descriptive and inferential methods we find whole the poems that Imam Ali (AS) wasn't the first speaker of them. Then by surveying the history and the meaning of the poems, we determine its relation with the speech of Imam Ali (AS).The results of using inter-textuality are determining the kind of relation between the speech of Imam and the famous Arabic poems. Using the inter-textuality in this article shows that the most kind of poems inter-textuality in Nahj al-Balaghah is verbal inter-textuality from obligatory type. Imam Ali (AS) has said the main content of poems in his speech, but he has moderated the main intention of first speaker with his speech and this is one of the beauties of the word of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balagha.
علمی - پژوهشی
Karam Siyavoshi
چکیده
Wisdom is evidently a matchless ability that human beings have been endowed with. If continually in possession of such an invaluable gift, human beings can give more integration to their life while observing their eminence. Seeking wisdom has been underlined and ignoring it has been reproached in religious texts. Evidently, wisdom is likely to be degraded by destructive attractions with which human beings are surrounded. In the present study, which is focused on Imam Ali’s (PBUH) speech in Nahj-ul-Balaghah, the following questions have been raised: How wisdom is treated by Imam Ali? What ...
بیشتر
Wisdom is evidently a matchless ability that human beings have been endowed with. If continually in possession of such an invaluable gift, human beings can give more integration to their life while observing their eminence. Seeking wisdom has been underlined and ignoring it has been reproached in religious texts. Evidently, wisdom is likely to be degraded by destructive attractions with which human beings are surrounded. In the present study, which is focused on Imam Ali’s (PBUH) speech in Nahj-ul-Balaghah, the following questions have been raised: How wisdom is treated by Imam Ali? What threats might undermine wisdom according to Imam Ali’s guidelines? What strategies have been put forward by Imam Ali to salvage wisdom from its destruction? Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, lust, arrogance, stubbornness, long-lasting desires, whims, joking a lot, temperament, chaos, light-heartedness, occasional silence have been singled out as the components causing severe damage to wisdom while courtesy, the invocation of God, seeking knowledge, seeking counseling, and following guiding lights have been traced as elements which are taken to offer more strength to wisdom.
علمی - پژوهشی
Ahmad Rabbanikhah؛ Mohammad Hadi Aminnaji؛ Mostafa Delshad Tehrani
چکیده
Nahj al-Balaghah prayer phrases are the profound propositions of this precious book. Analyzing these phrases, explaining their similarities and expressing the linguistic differences between these teachings and other phrases of the Nahj al-Balaghah can help in the effective understanding of Alavi teachings. The present research, while looking at a variety of languages from the perspective of social linguistics, provides a comprehensive definition of "common language" and "metaphorical language" by proposing this question: "Is the language of prayer in the Nahj al-Balagha a common or transitive language?" ...
بیشتر
Nahj al-Balaghah prayer phrases are the profound propositions of this precious book. Analyzing these phrases, explaining their similarities and expressing the linguistic differences between these teachings and other phrases of the Nahj al-Balaghah can help in the effective understanding of Alavi teachings. The present research, while looking at a variety of languages from the perspective of social linguistics, provides a comprehensive definition of "common language" and "metaphorical language" by proposing this question: "Is the language of prayer in the Nahj al-Balagha a common or transitive language?" and by prove the transcendence of the language of prayer in Nahj al-Balaghah descriptive and analytical method and using library resources in the domain of linguistics and the reference to the teachings of the Nahj al-Balaghah. This study also intoduses "certainty and truthfulness", "innate expression", "displaying affection and feeling," "the purity of language," and "pleasure-appeasement," from significant features of the language of prayer in Nahj al-Balaghah by describing the language of prayer Nahj al-Balagha.
علمی - پژوهشی
Masoomeh Shirdel؛ Bibi Sadat Razi Bahabadi؛ Fathiyeh Fattahizadeh؛ Mohammad Etratdoost
چکیده
From the viewpoint of Amir al-Mu'minin Imam Alī (PBUH), it is very significant to embrace criticism and have a fair judgment while dealing with adversaries. Since the domestic opposition groups, often expressing their dissatisfaction with the Islamic state, aim at disrupting public order and disconcerting public opinion, reflecting on Imam Alī’s (PBUH) critical approach against the opposition groups will provide an exemplary and appropriate model for the Islamic community. Thus, employing an innovative approach, the present study investigates the collection of Imam Alī’s (PBUH) sayings ...
بیشتر
From the viewpoint of Amir al-Mu'minin Imam Alī (PBUH), it is very significant to embrace criticism and have a fair judgment while dealing with adversaries. Since the domestic opposition groups, often expressing their dissatisfaction with the Islamic state, aim at disrupting public order and disconcerting public opinion, reflecting on Imam Alī’s (PBUH) critical approach against the opposition groups will provide an exemplary and appropriate model for the Islamic community. Thus, employing an innovative approach, the present study investigates the collection of Imam Alī’s (PBUH) sayings about Al-Nākithūn in a scientific and systematic manner of “content analysis”. Using this interdisciplinary and textual approach, one can recognize Imam Alī’s (PBUH) critical approach against Al-Nākithūn as following: “logical consideration of Al-Nākithūn’s requests before their leaving”, which includes hearing and definite evaluation of Al-Nākithūn’s requests such as requesting a share of Bait-ul-Mal, seeking power, and requesting permission to leave Medina; “critical observation and analysis of their claims after leaving”, as Imam Alī (PBUH) decisively and insightfully and logically analyzed Al-Nākithūn’s false requests regarding the forceful oath of allegiance and revenging Uthman’s blood; “proving their opposition to Islamic State”, which aims at explaining the philosophy of jihad against Al-Nākithūn; “tracing the main elements of their opposition”; intending to enlighten the Islamic society, Imam Alī (PBUH) mentioned ignorance and falsehood, rejecting consultation, vengeance, and avaricious as the most important motives for Al-Nākithūn’s enmity.
علمی - پژوهشی
Reza Mozaffari
چکیده
The issue of the time of prayer as a decree of government in Ali's letter to the command of the ruler opens up new perspectives. The jurisprudential aspect of the "five time prayers" has led to extensive discussions among the jurisprudence of the Imams and the public. Letter ٥۲ of Nahj - al - Balaghah - although a short text has, helps us in various aspects. Attention to the government dimension of communal prayers includes goals such as: the task of ruling the organization of spiritual affairs, the strength of the Islamic system, the relationship of directors with the masses in religious relations ...
بیشتر
The issue of the time of prayer as a decree of government in Ali's letter to the command of the ruler opens up new perspectives. The jurisprudential aspect of the "five time prayers" has led to extensive discussions among the jurisprudence of the Imams and the public. Letter ٥۲ of Nahj - al - Balaghah - although a short text has, helps us in various aspects. Attention to the government dimension of communal prayers includes goals such as: the task of ruling the organization of spiritual affairs, the strength of the Islamic system, the relationship of directors with the masses in religious relations and the rethinking of the concept of sedition in the Islamic system. Paying attention to the ethical dimension of the letter, such as the observance of the people, is instructive in the methodology of organizing religious ceremonies. The cultural, social features of the letter is the provision of customary standards, the central mosque in scientific, cultural and facilitation of public affairs and the creation of social solidarity in the shadow of the splendor of the congregation. Religious sovereignty, congregational prayer, and Friday should not be considered as individual worship and the relationship between people of society and God - too, as some people think. But the governors, ministers, and all officials of the Islamic system are obligated to do so. The negligence in it is a departure from the Alawite regime. However, the creation of legal mechanisms and pathologies of congregations should also be considered.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mostafa Gohari Fakhrabad؛ Mojtaba Soltani Ahmadi
چکیده
Imam Ali's relations with the caliphs have been the subject of a growing divide in Shiite-Sunni Islam history. In historical sources, these relations have been portrayed as very hot or vice versa in such a way as to pave the way for judgment. One of the cases that Imam Ali (AS) has explicitly stated about the caliphs is the sermon 3 of Nahj al-Balagha, known as ShaqShaqiyyah. Because of this, some Sunnite scholars and historians have considered this sermon to be cursed and made by Sayyid Radhi (d. 406 AH) However, the content of this sermon is more fully stated in the letter of Imam Ali (as) to ...
بیشتر
Imam Ali's relations with the caliphs have been the subject of a growing divide in Shiite-Sunni Islam history. In historical sources, these relations have been portrayed as very hot or vice versa in such a way as to pave the way for judgment. One of the cases that Imam Ali (AS) has explicitly stated about the caliphs is the sermon 3 of Nahj al-Balagha, known as ShaqShaqiyyah. Because of this, some Sunnite scholars and historians have considered this sermon to be cursed and made by Sayyid Radhi (d. 406 AH) However, the content of this sermon is more fully stated in the letter of Imam Ali (as) to some of his companions late in his caliphate in the Book of Al-Gharat Thaqafi (d. 283 AH), which not only shows the accuracy of the content of the sermon on ShaqShaqiyyah Rather, its documentary history goes back 100 years. The letter was written at the end of the Imam's caliphate and addressed to a number of his companions.
علمی - پژوهشی
Abdolhossein Zokae؛ Rouhollah SiiadiNezhad؛ Abbas Eghbali
چکیده
Blending a text in rhetorical means, especially in metaphor, is embodying, inspiring and thought-maker. In fact, metaphor appears as shadow of reality. Therefore, ontology of text depends on the recognition of metaphors process in the text. For this reason, political discourse analysis - which deals with the relationship between forces of socio-political and language -concentrates on the role of metaphor in the emergence of social events, their interaction and struggle on powers. The present research, based on descriptive-analytical method, tries to study the political metaphors of Nahj al-Balaghah ...
بیشتر
Blending a text in rhetorical means, especially in metaphor, is embodying, inspiring and thought-maker. In fact, metaphor appears as shadow of reality. Therefore, ontology of text depends on the recognition of metaphors process in the text. For this reason, political discourse analysis - which deals with the relationship between forces of socio-political and language -concentrates on the role of metaphor in the emergence of social events, their interaction and struggle on powers. The present research, based on descriptive-analytical method, tries to study the political metaphors of Nahj al-Balaghah in the Fitna of Safin era, and the methods of linguistic encounter of Imam Ali (AS) with Mu'awiy, exclusively, in political metaphors. The research indicates that metaphor is one of the most important language tools that spells out the intricacies of human in the most beautiful literary form in the language. Imam Ali (AS), with this kind of persuasive metaphor, used the primitive metaphors for relaxation and sought defrauding the audience that avoids reconciliation. Imam Ali (AS), in order to provide the necessary ground for the main criticism, used the metaphors to marginalize Mu'awiya without incurring humiliation of opponent and his personality. The metaphorical pattern of Imam (AS) is eliminating the legitimacy of his political rivals in order to show their false. His political encounter with Mu'awiyy leads to the battle of discourses, and the battle of discourses, in some ways, leads to the battle of metaphor.
علمی - پژوهشی
Kamran Oveisi
چکیده
The Termination of Wills can be considered as one of the theological arguments based on the theology of humanities in the same fashion that Kalam and philosophy are. The saying number ۲٥۰ of Nahj al-Balaghah also implies the argument because breaking man’s firm will, connecting with the innate and monotheistic knowledge of the divine substance, and the pure poverty of man are among the points that the saying in turn implies. The present article examines and analyzes the mentioned saying and its relation to the advancement of innate knowledge by using a descriptive-analytic and a documentary-library ...
بیشتر
The Termination of Wills can be considered as one of the theological arguments based on the theology of humanities in the same fashion that Kalam and philosophy are. The saying number ۲٥۰ of Nahj al-Balaghah also implies the argument because breaking man’s firm will, connecting with the innate and monotheistic knowledge of the divine substance, and the pure poverty of man are among the points that the saying in turn implies. The present article examines and analyzes the mentioned saying and its relation to the advancement of innate knowledge by using a descriptive-analytic and a documentary-library research method. Moreover, this article also demonstrates the compatibility of the saying with the conventional arguments of philosophical and Kalam theologies. Proving the alignment of the Thaghalain with the monotheistic innate nature of man and describing the domain of man’s firm will compared with that of the divine power are among the achievements of this article. In addition, the theory of Ahl al-Bayt (AS), entitled "al-Amr bain al-Amrain", is a response to the supposition that the Termination of Wills proposition in this saying is deterministic. Thus, the divine will affects the prerequisites of human action (e. g. human motives for decision making) but it does not lead to determinism. Another interpretation is that the impact of God's will is the same as divine Towfigh or its opposite, the Hailoulah.
علمی - پژوهشی
Abd-alhadi Masoudi؛ Sayed Mohammadali Masoudi
چکیده
The use of metaphoric literature and the creation of beautiful images is one of the key features of the words of the Quran and hadith specially Nahj al-Balaghah in expressing the deep and perfect concepts of religion. Among the issues in which imajinative illustration is evident, is ‘death’ and human’s relationship with it. The present article is aimed to discover the image of human’s relationship with death, in Nahj al-Balaghah. This study is a library study with a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicate that: Nahj al-Balagha depicts death in two ...
بیشتر
The use of metaphoric literature and the creation of beautiful images is one of the key features of the words of the Quran and hadith specially Nahj al-Balaghah in expressing the deep and perfect concepts of religion. Among the issues in which imajinative illustration is evident, is ‘death’ and human’s relationship with it. The present article is aimed to discover the image of human’s relationship with death, in Nahj al-Balaghah. This study is a library study with a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicate that: Nahj al-Balagha depicts death in two general images; in the first one, death is considered as a dangerous and harmful creature such as a hunter, fisherman, and murderer, storm, arrow, and things like that, which may have a surprising and difficult encounter with human at any moment. In another image, death is resembled to a leader of a group of travelers who can move the group to a certain destination by his sudden command. By doing good deeds, which are like dressing in piety, one can have not just a harmless, but also a welcoming death. And on the contrast, by following the inferior wishes limited to the material world, he will be negligent of death and a surprising sudden death will attack him.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mehdi Mardani Golestani؛ Mohammad Joudaki
چکیده
According to the wisdom 49 of Nahj al-Balaghah, it is severely advised to avoid of the attack of the hungry generous and full evil people. First, the cause of this warning is not clear, especially concerning the generous persons; for the virtues of generous people require a vice versa reflection in such a situation. In the case of evils, the issue, although less ambiguous, does not require justification. In general, the hunger of a generous is a matter of two real and virtual uses: According to the present study, based on lexical, literary, rational and narrative reasons, the real application of ...
بیشتر
According to the wisdom 49 of Nahj al-Balaghah, it is severely advised to avoid of the attack of the hungry generous and full evil people. First, the cause of this warning is not clear, especially concerning the generous persons; for the virtues of generous people require a vice versa reflection in such a situation. In the case of evils, the issue, although less ambiguous, does not require justification. In general, the hunger of a generous is a matter of two real and virtual uses: According to the present study, based on lexical, literary, rational and narrative reasons, the real application of a hunger generous is rejected and the virtual application is confirmed; i.e. the main meaning of this wisdom was not well understood by a search in words, poetry and the like, with virtual application in accordance with the Arab custom. However, it was clear through the narratives that in the language of hadith, the hunger of a generous is a situation that led him to be in that state by insulting and humiliating him, deliberately degrading his state. Of course, his stubborn treat in this case is the result of the inappropriate interaction of others with him; otherwise, generosity by itself is far from violent and harshness. As for the fullness of an evil person, it can be carried either in real or in the virtual sense; i.e. the attention to this warning should be taken into account in the light of the characteristics that we have in mind about these persons, but in the state of their fullness and power, it becomes more urgent.
علمی - پژوهشی
Laila Zarei Shahamat؛ Ali Hoseinzadeh؛ Abbasali Farahati
چکیده
Economists have long believed that physical capital constitutes the wealth of a country. But today they believe that the lack of investment in human resources is a major factor behind the level of economic development in developing countries. Therefore, physical capital will only be generated when the country has the necessary amount of human development index. Since 1990, the Human Development Index, which is measured with three variables of longevity, knowledge and decent living standards, entered the conventional economy. Since 1990, the Human Development Index, which is measured with three ...
بیشتر
Economists have long believed that physical capital constitutes the wealth of a country. But today they believe that the lack of investment in human resources is a major factor behind the level of economic development in developing countries. Therefore, physical capital will only be generated when the country has the necessary amount of human development index. Since 1990, the Human Development Index, which is measured with three variables of longevity, knowledge and decent living standards, entered the conventional economy. Since 1990, the Human Development Index, which is measured with three variables of longevity, knowledge and decent living standards, entered the conventional economy. Considering that in most Islamic countries, the index of human development is much lower than in most countries of the world, so According to the criteria based on the words of Imam Ali (AS), the comparative study of this index with the Alawite doctrines is possible. The answer to this question is that: What are the Indicators of Human Development Index Effective in Economic Progress Based on Alawi Teachings? The present article tries to investigate and adapt the human development index with the Alawite teachings through a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that the Awai teachings facilitate the realization of human development and there is a consistency between the components of human development with the Alawite doctrines And public policies in the three areas of health, education and welfare in the community have a positive and significant relationship with economic progress and lead to improved human development. Hence, in reviewing the human development index from the perspective of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (PBUH), the components of worship, morality, physical and mental health, science and insight, and worthy living standards are considered.
